Working with JSON

The Zendesk REST API is a JSON API. If you want to send data to the API to update or create data in your Zendesk product, you need to convert it to JSON first. If you want to get data from your Zendesk product, the API will deliver it as JSON and you'll need to convert it to something you can use.

This article covers the following topics:

• JSON basics
• Converting JSON to data you can understand
• Converting JSON to data your code understands
• Converting data in your code to JSON
• Using JSON in cURL statements

Disclaimer: Zendesk provides this article for instructional purposes only. Zendesk does not support or guarantee the code. Zendesk also can't provide support for third-party technologies such as JSON, JavaScript, Python, Perl, or cURL. Please post any issue in the comments section or search for a solution online.

JSON basics

JSON is a lightweight data-interchange format that's easy for humans to read and machines to parse. Example:

{
  "posts": [
    {
      "id":    35467,
      "title": "How do I open the safe",
      ...
    },
    ...
  ]
}

JSON data typically consists of one or more named properties, such as the "posts" property above. The property's value in this case is a list of post objects. Each of the objects shares a set of properties, such as "id" , "title" , and others .

JSON data can be structured in many different ways. Example:

{
  "vote": {
    "id": 35467,
    "user_id": 888887,
    "value": -1,
    ...
  }
}

See the API documentation for the various API endpoints to learn the structure of the JSON data they return.

To learn more about JSON, see Introducing JSON on the json.org site.

Converting JSON to data you can understand

The API returns JSON on a single line. If it only has a few properties, you can read it easily enough. Pasting it into a text editor and manually inserting line breaks helps.

If the JSON contains multiple objects with lots of properties, the information becomes more challenging to read:

One solution is to pretty print the information. A Google search returns a number of solutions. The simplest in terms of setup is the "JSON Formatter" extension for Google Chrome. You can get it from https://chrome.google.com/webstore/detail/json-formatter/bcjindcccaagfpapjjmafapmmgkkhgoa?hl=en . After installing it, in Chrome select Windows > Extensions , and select the "Allow access to file URLs" option for the JSON Formatter extension. This enables pretty printing local files.

Paste your JSON results to a text file and save it with a .txt extension. Then open the file in Chrome ( File > Open File ).

Converting JSON to data your code understands

If you want to use the JSON returned by the API in your code, you have to convert it into a data structure your code understands. Most programming languages have tools to help.

This article covers JavaScript, Python, and Perl. If you don't use these languages, a quick search in your language's documentation should uncover equivalent tools.

JavaScript

Use the JSON.parse() method in JavaScript to convert JSON strings into JavaScript objects.

To give the method a test run, paste the following snippet in your browser's JavaScript console and press Enter:

var json_string = '{"article":{"title":"Great Expectations"}}';
var js_object = JSON.parse(json_string);
console.log(typeof js_object);
console.log(js_object.article.title);

Note : To access the console in Chrome, select View > Developer > JavaScript Console . In Firefox, select Tools > Web Developer > Web Console , and look for the entry field at the bottom of the console. If you get a scam warning when pasting the snippet, type "allow pasting" in the field and try again.

The script should print the following lines in the console:

object
Great Expectations

The first line tells you the data is now contained in a JavaScript object. The second line displays the value of the article.title property.

To learn more, see JSON.parse() in the MDN documentation.

Python 3

Python's built-in json library converts JSON strings or files into Python data structures.

Use json.loads() to convert JSON strings:

import json

json_string = '{"article":{"title":"Great Expectations"}}'
python_data = json.loads(json_string)
print(type(python_data))
print(python_data['article']['title'])

Running this code in a command line interface should print the following lines:

<class 'dict'>
Great Expectations

The first line tells you the data is now contained in a Python dictionary. The second line displays the value of the title property.

Use json.load() (singular) to convert files that contain JSON:

import json
with open('json.txt', mode='r', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    python_data = json.load(f)
print(type(python_data))

To learn more about these methods, see the json module documentation on the Python website.

To learn how to use Python to make API requests that return JSON data, see the REST API tutorial for Python .

If you use the popular Requests package , you can use the response object's json() method to convert the JSON returned in HTTP responses. Example:

import requests
...
response = requests.get(url, credentials)
python_data = response.json()

See the REST API tutorial for Python for details.

You can also use the json.loads() method with the Requests library, but make sure to pass only the response content, not the whole response. HTTP responses contain other information such as headers that will cause errors. In the Requests API, the response content is contained in the the response object's text property. Example:

import json
import requests
...
response = requests.get(url, credentials)
python_data = json.loads(response.text)

See the response object API doc on the Requests website for more information.

Perl

Use the decode() method in the JSON module on CPAN to convert JSON strings into Perl data structures. Download and install the module from CPAN. See these instructions to install it.

Decoding example:

use strict;
use warnings;
use JSON;

my $json_string = '{"article":{"title":"Great Expectations"}}';
my $json = JSON->new->utf8;
my $perl_data = $json->decode($json_string);
print ref($perl_data) . "\n";
print $perl_data->{'article'}{'title'} . "\n";

Running this code in a command line interface should print the following lines:

HASH
Great Expectations

The first line tells you the data is now contained in a Perl hash. The second line displays the value of the title property.

To learn more about the decode() method, see the JSON module documentation on CPAN.

To learn how to use Perl to make API requests that return JSON data, see the REST API tutorial for Perl .

Converting data in your code to JSON

If you want to use data in your code to update or create data in a Zendesk product, you need to convert it to JSON before sending it with the API request.

This article covers JavaScript, Python, and Perl. If you don't use these languages, you should find the equivalent in your language's documentation.

JavaScript

Use the JSON.stringify() method in JavaScript to convert JavaScript objects to JSON strings.

To give the method a test run, paste the following snippet in your browser's JavaScript console and press Enter:

var js_object = {ticket: {comment: {body: "The smoke is very colorful." }}};
var json_string = JSON.stringify(js_object);
console.log(typeof json_string);
console.log(json_string);

Note : To access the console in Chrome, select View > Developer > JavaScript Console . In Firefox, select Tools > Web Developer > Web Console , and look for the entry field at the bottom of the console. If you get a scam warning when pasting the snippet, type "allow pasting" in the field and try again.

The script should print the following lines in the console:

string
{"ticket":{"comment":{"body":"The smoke is very colorful."}}}

The first line tells you the data is now a string and the second line displays the JSON.

To learn more, see JSON.stringify() in the MDN documentation.

Python 3

Use the json.dumps() method in the Python json library to convert Python data into JSON. Example:

import json

python_data = {'ticket': {'comment': {'body': 'The smoke is very colorful.'}}}
json_string = json.dumps(python_data)
print(type(json_string))
print(json_string)

Running this code in a command line interface should print the following lines:

<class 'str'>
{"ticket":{"comment":{"body":"The smoke is very colorful."}}}

The first line tells you the data is now a string and the second line displays the JSON.

To learn more about the json.dumps() method, see the json module documentation on the Python website.

To learn how to use Python to make API requests containing JSON data, see the REST API tutorial for Python .

Pretty printing the JSON

You can also use json.dumps() to pretty print the JSON. Simply add an argument named indent to the json.dumps() method, as follows:

json_string = json.dumps(python_data, indent=2)

The example should now print:

{
  "ticket": {
    "comment": {
      "body": "The smoke is very colorful."
    }
  }
}

Writing the JSON to a file

You can write the JSON to a new file named json.txt with the following lines:

with open('json.txt', mode='w', encoding='utf-8') as f:
    f.write(json_string)

See Using JSON in cURL requests to use JSON files in cURL requests.

Perl

Use the encode() method in the JSON module on CPAN to convert Perl data structures into JSON strings. Download and install the module from CPAN. See these instructions to install it.

Encoding example:

use strict;
use warnings;
use JSON;

my %perl_data = (ticket => { comment => { body => 'The smoke is very colorful.' }});
my $json = JSON->new;
my $json_string = $json->encode(\%perl_data);
print ref(\$json_string) . "\n";
print $json_string . "\n";

The encode() method of the $json object takes a reference (denoted by the backslash) to the Perl data structure you want to encode ( %perl_data ).

Running this code in a command line interface should print the following lines:

SCALAR
{"ticket":{"comment":{"body":"The smoke is very colorful."}}}

The first line tells you the data is no longer a hash but a scalar. The second line displays the JSON.

To learn more about the encode() method, see the JSON module documentation on CPAN.

To learn how to use Perl to make API requests containing JSON data, see the REST API tutorial for Perl .

Pretty printing the JSON

You can pretty print the JSON by setting ->pretty() when creating the $json instance. Example:

my $json = JSON->new->pretty();

The example should now print:

{
   "ticket" : {
      "comment" : {
         "body" : "The smoke is very colorful."
      }
   }
}

Writing the JSON to a file

You can write the JSON to a new file named json.txt with the following lines:

open(FH, '>', "json.txt") or die "I couldn't open the file $!.\n";
print FH $json_string;
close FH;

See Using JSON in cURL requests to use JSON files in cURL requests.

Using JSON in cURL statements

You can use the JSON output produced in by the various methods in Converting data in your code to JSON above and paste it directly in cURL statements to update and create data in a Zendesk product. Example:

curl https://{subdomain}.zendesk.com/api/v2/tickets/{id}.json \
  -d '{"ticket":{"comment":{"body":"The smoke is very colorful."}}}' \
  -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
  -v -u {email_address}:{password} \
  -X PUT

The cURL statement includes the JSON data for adding a ticket comment (the -d flag stands for data ). To learn more about cURL, see Installing and using cURL . Windows users: See also Using cURL in Windows .

If the JSON data is too lengthy to fit comfortably in a cURL statement, you can move it to a file and then import the file in the cURL statement using the @filename syntax. Here's how:

1. Create a file named json.txt (or something along those lines) and move the JSON to the file. Example:

   {"ticket":{"comment":{"body":"The smoke is very colorful."}}}

   Python and Perl will also let you write JSON directly to a file. See the instructions for Python and Perl above.

2. Change the cURL statement to import the JSON data with the @filename syntax:

   curl https://{subdomain}.zendesk.com/api/v2/tickets/{id}.json \
       -d @json.txt \
       -H "Content-Type: application/json" \
       -v -u {email_address}:{password} \
       -X PUT
   

   Note : In Windows, replace the line-ending backslash characters with caret (^) characters.

3. Before running the statement, use the cd command (for change directory) to navigate to the folder that contains the file. Example:

   $ cd json_files

4. Run the cURL statement.

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